D

76 down >adv. from higher to lower in a low place

5 darkadj. having little or no light (“The room was dark.”')

9 deadadj. not living

10 deafadj. not able to hear

17 deepadj. going far down a long way from top to bottom

29 denseadj. close together thick

47 differentadj. not the same

48 difficultadj. not easy hard to do, make or carry out

83 dryadj. not wet without rain

84 duringadj. through the whole time while (something is happening')

1 dam n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water

4 danger n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss

6 date n. an expression of time a day, month and year

7 daughter n. a person’s female child

8 day n. twenty–four hours the hours of sunlight

13 debt n. something that is owed the condition of owing

20 deficit n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports

22 degree n. a measure of temperature

24 delegate n. one sent to act for another one who represents another

26 democracy n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions

34 depression n. severe unhappiness a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs

36 desert n. a dry area of land

40 detail n. a small part of something a small piece of information

43 device n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose

44 dictator n. a ruler with complete power

46 diet n. usual daily food and drink

50 dinner n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time (“The family had its dinner at noon.”') a special event that includes food (“The official dinner took place at the White House.”')

51 diplomat n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government

53 direction n. the way (east, west, north, south') where someone or something came from or went to

54 dirt n. earth or soil

57 disaster n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an earthquake or plane crash

59 discrimination n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole group instead of on the qual-ities of an individual. (“He was accused of discrimination against people from other countries.”')

61 disease n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria

64 dissident n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government

65 distance n. the amount of space between two places or objects (“The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.”')

69 doctor n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people

70 document n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something

71 dog n. a small animal that often lives with humans

72 dollar n. United States money, one hundred cents

74 door n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room

82 drug n. anything used as a medicine or inmaking medicine a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind

85 dust n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air

86 duty n. one’s job or responsibility what one must do because it is right and just

2 damagev. to cause injury or destruction n. harm hurtor injury, usually to things

3 dancev. to move the body and feet to music n. a series of steps, usually to music

11 dealv. to have to do with (“The talks will deal with the problem of pollution.”') to buy or sell (“Her company deals in plastic.”') n. an agreement

12 debatev. to argue for or against something n. a public discussion or argument

14 decidev. to choose to settle to judge

15 declarev. to say to make a statement

16 decreasev. to make less in size or amount

18 defeatv. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle n. a loss the condition of having lost

19 defendv. to guard or fight against attack to protect

21 definev. to give the meaning of to explain

23 delayv. to decide to do something at a later time to postpone to cause to be late

25 demandv. to ask by ordering to ask with force

27 demonstratev. to make a public show of opinions or feelings (“The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights.”') to explain by using examples (“The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.”')

28 denouncev. to accuse of being wrong or evil to criticize severely

30 denyv. to declare that something is not true to refuse a request

31 dependv. to need help and support

32 deplorev. to regret strongly to express sadness

33 deployv. to move forces or weapons into positions for action

35 describev. to give a word picture of something to give details of something

37 designv. to plan or create plans for

38 desirev. to want very much to wish for

39 destroyv. to break into pieces to end the existence of

41 detainv. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for questioning.”')

42 developv. to grow to create to experience progress

45 diev. to become dead to stop living to end

49 digv. to make a hole in the ground

52 directv. to lead to aim or show the way (“He directed me to the theater.”') adj. straight to something not through some other person or thing (“The path is direct.”')

55 disappearv. to become unseen to no longer exist

56 disarmv. to take away weapons to no longer keep weapons to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device

58 discoverv. to find or learn something

60 discussv. to talk about to exchange ideas

62 dismissv. to send away to refuse to consider

63 disputev. to oppose strongly by argument n. an angry debate

66 divev. to jump into water head first

67 dividev. to separate into two or more parts

68 dov. to act to make an effort

73 donatev. to present something as a gift to an organiza-tion, country or cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the earthquake.”')

75 doublev. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number.

77 dreamv. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep a happy idea about the future

78 drinkv. to take liquid into the body through the mouth

79 drivev. to control a moving vehicle

80 dropv. to fall or let fall to go lower

81 drownv. to die under water

E

27 empty – adj. having nothing inside v. to remove everything

35 enough – adj. as much as necessary

2 early – adj. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day opposite late

56 excellent – adj. extremely good

77 extraordinary – adj. far greater or better than the usual or normal

53 exact – adj. having no mistakes correct in every detail

76 extra – adj. more than normal, expected or necessary

78 extreme – adj. more than the usual or accepted

8 easy – adj. not difficult not hard to do

52 evil – adj. not good extremely bad

45 ethnic – adj. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived

39 equal – adj. the same in amount, size, weight or value having the same rights

1 each – adv. Everyone by itself

49 ever – adv. at any time

42 especially – adv. more than others (“We liked the food, especially the fish.”)

47 even – adv. adj. in a way not thought possible (“They survived, even though the building was destroyed.”)

50 every – adv.each one all

17 either – adv.one of two, but not the other

19 electricity – n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines

23 embryo – n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development

32 engine – n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work

55 example – n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like

29 enemy – n. a person opposing or hating another a person or people of the other side in a war

33 engineer – n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads

69 expert – n. a person with special knowledge or training

79 extremist – n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way

20 electron – n. a small part of an atom that has an electrical force

38 enzyme – n. a special kind of protein it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself

25 emotion – n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness

5 earthquake – n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface

37 environment – n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals

61 exercise – n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health

15 effort – n. an attempt the work necessary to do something

24 emergency – n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action

51 evidence – n. material or facts that prove something a reason for believing

21 element – n. one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances

30 energy – n. power used to do work, usually with machines the ability and willingness to be active

48 event – n. that which happens, especially something of importance

13 education – n. the act of teaching

7 east – n. the direction from which the sun rises

12 edge – n. the line where something ends or begins

22 embassy – n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants

4 earth – n. the planet we all live on the ground or soil

14 effect – n. the result or change caused by something (“The storm had a serious effect on the economy.”)

16 egg – n. the rounded object containing unborn young pro-duced by female birds, fish or reptiles a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby

10 ecology – n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things

11 economy – n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized

40 equipment – n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity

3 earn – v. to be paid in return for work done

34 enjoy – v. to be pleased or satisfied by something

63 exist – v. to be to live

71 explode – v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb

43 establish – v. to bring into existence to create

46 evaporate – v. to change from a liquid into a gas

18 elect – v. to choose by voting

36 enter – v. to come or go into

62 exile – v. to force a person to leave his or her country to expel n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country

66 expel – v. to force out to remove from to send away

44 estimate – v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information

41 escape – v. to get free to get away from to get out of

70 explain – v. to give reasons for to make clear to tell about to tell the meaning

26 employ – v. to give work in return for wages

60 execute – v. to kill

67 experience – v. to live through an event, situation or condition (“She experienced great pain.”) n. something that one has done or lived through (“The experience caused her great pain.”)

64 expand – v. to make larger to grow larger

31 enforce – v. to make something be done

6 ease – v. to reduce to make less difficult

74 express – v. to say clearly

73 export – v. to send to another country n. something sent to another country, usually for sale

28 end – v. to stop to finish n. the part which comes last

75 extend – v. to stretch out in area or length to continue for a longer time

54 examine – v. to study closely

59 excuse – v. to take away blame to pardon to forgive n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action

9 eat – v. to take food into the body through the mouth

68 experiment – v. to test n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something

65 expect – v. to think or believe that something will happen to wait for an event

58 exchange – v. to trade to give or receive one thing for another

72 explore – v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it to make a careful search to examine closely

57 except – prep. but for

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F

60 for – prep. because of (“He is famous for his work.”); in exchange (“Give me one dollar for the book.”); through space or time (“They travelled for one hour.”); representative of (“I speak for all people.”); to be employed by (“She works for a computer company.”)

76 from – prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause (“It is a message from the president.”) ; at a place distant, not near (“The school is five kilometers from my home.”); because of (“He is suffering from cancer.”)

75 frightening – adj. making you feel afraid

14 fast – adj. adv. moving or working at great speed; quick

32 final – adj. at the end; last

40 first – adj. Coming before all others

80 full – adj. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete

66 former – adj. earlier in time; not now

28 fierce – adj. extremely strong; violent; angry

6 fair – adj. just; honest; what is right

10 famous – adj. known very well to many people

17 favorite – adj. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”)

71 fresh – adj. newly made or gathered; recent

39 firm – adj. not easily moved or changed (“She is firm in heropinion.”)

26 few – adj. not many; a small number of

8 false – adj. not true; not correct

33 financial – adj. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks

19 federal – adj. of or having to do with a national or central government

62 foreign – adj. of, about or from another nation; not from one’s own place or country

24 fertile – adj. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much

46 flat – adj. smooth; having no high places

12 far – adv. at, to or from a great distance

67 forward – adv. the direction in front of; toward the front

4 factory n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made

82 funeral n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead

41 fish n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water

83 fusion n. a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy

55 fog n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground

35 fine n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; adj. very good; very small or thin

72 friend n. a person one likes and trusts

11 fan n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The baseball fan attended every game his team played.”)

45 flag n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization

2 forest n. a place of many trees

42 fission n. a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy

22 female n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; adj. Of or about women

27 field n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals

79 fuel n. any substance burned to create heat or power

53 fluid n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid

81 fun n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness

78 fruit n. food from trees and plants

13 farm n. land used to grow crops and animals for food

38 fireworks n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations

23 fence n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out

3 fact n. something known or proved to be true

57 food n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth

50 floor n. the bottom part of a room for walking on (“The book fell to the floor.”); the level of a building (“The fire was on the first floor.”)

59 foot n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks

52 flower n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds

69 freedom n. the condition of being free

77 front n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part

1 face n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger

9 family n. the group that includes children and their parents

16 father n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children

84 future n. time after now (“We can talk about it in the future.”) ;adj. In the time to come (“All future meetings will be held in this room.”)

15 fat n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; adj. thick; heavy

73 frighten n. to make someone suddenly feel afraid

25 fetus n. unborn young

18 fear v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen (“He feared falling down.”) ; n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble (“He had a fear that he would fall down.”)

43 fit v. to be of the correct size or shape (“These shoes fit my feet.”)

48 float v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air

74 frighten v. to cause great fear

70 freeze v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold

56 follow v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey

36 finish v. to complete; to end

49 flood v. to cover with water; > n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land

34 find v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case (“The jury finds the man guilty of murder.”)

20 feed v. to give food to

7 fall v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position

21 feel v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching

44 fix v. to make good or right again

58 fool v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; > n. a person who is tricked easily

61 force v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; > n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group

65 form v. to make; to start; to shape (“They formed a swim team.”); > n. a kind (“Swimming is a form of exercise.”)

51 flow v. to move like a liquid

54 fly v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle

63 forget v. to not remember

5 fail v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal

64 forgive v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt

30 fill v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more

31 film v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; > n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie

68 free v. to release; adj. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost

47 flee v. to run away from

37 fire v. to shoot a gun; > n. the heat and light produced by something burning

29 fight v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; > n. the use of force ; a battle

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G

39 guilty :-adj. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action

28 gray :-adj. having the color like that made by mixing black and white

30 green :-adj. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass

21 good :-adj. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad

11 gentle :-adj. soft; kind; not rough or violent

29 great :-adj. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important

5 Gene :-n. a unit inside a cell that controls a particular quality in a living thing that has been passed on from its parents

7 generation :-n. a group of individuals born and living about the same time. (“The mother and daughter represented two generations.”)

16 glass :-n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids

6 general :-n. a high military leader; :-adj. without details; affecting or including all or almost all

20 gold :-n. a highly valued yellow metal

33 group :-n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose

37 guerrilla :-n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police

10 genocide :-n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial or ethnic group

26 grass :-n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves

24 government :-n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area

40 gun :-n. a weapon that shoots bullets

14 girl :-n. a young female person

2 game :-n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports

3 gas :-n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power

32 ground :-n. land; the earth’s surface; soil

8 genes :-n. parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid genetic engineering :-n. the science of changing the genes of a living organism

13 gift :-n. something given without cost

18 goal :-n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race

27 gravity :-n. the force that pulls things toward the center of the Earth

9 Genetic engineering :-n. the science of changing how a living creature or plant develops by changing the information in its genes

25 grain :-n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds

19 god :-n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things (“They believe in God.”); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers

22 goods :-n. things owned or made to be sold

4 gather :-v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect

23 govern :-v. to control; to rule by military or political power

34 grow :-v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount

1 gain :-v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase

38 guide :-v. to lead to; to show the way; :-n. one who shows the way

17 go :-v. to move from one place to another; to leave

15 give :-v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment

35 guarantee :-v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen

12 get :-v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of

31 grind :-v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing

36 guard :-v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing (“He guards the president.”); :-n. a person or thing that watches or protects (“He is a prison guard.”)

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H

39horrible :-adj. causing great fear; terrible

34holy :-adj. greatly honored in religion

20heavy :-adj. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force

44hot :-adj. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature

7hard :-adj. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do orunderstand; needing much effort or force

51human :-adj. of or about people

6happy :-adj. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad

43hostile :-adj. ready to fight; ready for war

26high :-adj. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others

36honest :-adj. truthful; able to be trusted

50huge :-adj. very big; of great size

23here -adv. in, to or at this place

48how :-adv. in what way; to what amount

49however :-conj. yet; but

47house :-n.a building in which people live; a country’s parlia-ment or lawmaking group (“House of Representatives”')

45hotel :-n.a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers

33holiday :-n.a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event

10hat :-n.a head cover

40horse :-n.a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work

21helicopter :-n.a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground

57husband :-n.a man who is married

46hour :-n.a measure of time; sixty minutes

42hostage :-n.a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored

24hero :-n.a person honored for being brave or wise

41hospital :-n.a place where sick or injured people are given medical care

28hill :-n.a small mountain

32hole :-n.an opening; a torn or broken place in something

2half :-n.one of two equal parts of something

52humor :-n.the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh

35home :-n.the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives

15headquarters :-n.the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization

1hair :-n.the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the head

17health :-n.the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease

53hunger :-n.the need for food

29history :-n.the written record or description of past events; the study of the past

5happen :-v.to become a fact or event; to take place

31hold :-v.to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in (“The two sides hold talks this week.”')

56hurt :-v.to cause pain, injury or damage

3halt :-v.to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop

55hurry :-v.to do or go fast

38hope :-v.to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen

9harvest :-v.to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered

22help :-v.to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid

11hate :-v.to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love

8harm :-v.to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt

14head :-v.to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position

19heat :-v.to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun

37honor :-v.to obey; to show strong, good feelings for (“to honor one’s parents”'); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition (“He received many honors for his efforts to help others.”')

4hang :-v.to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging

12have :-v.to possess; to own; to hold

25hide :-v.to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret

18hear :-v.to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about

16heal :-v.to return to good health; to cure; to become well

54hunt :-v.to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find

27hijack :-v.to seize or take control of a vehicle by force

30hit :-v.to strike; to touch with force

13he pron. the boy or man who is being spoken about

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